Introduction to carbohydratesمقدمة حول الكربوهيدرات

في المقال التالي سنتحدث عن الكربوهيدرات من حيث التعريف والتصنيف بالإضافة الى الخواص الفيزيائية للكربوهيدرات كمدخل لدراسة الجانب العملي وبشكل مختصر,,كون الموضوع سنتحدث عنه بشكل موسع في الجانب النظري   

Carbohydrates

Definition

Carbohydrates are organic substances composed essentially of carbon, hydrogen , and oxygen. Or  the carbohydrates are defined chemically as aldehyde or ketone derivatives of the higher polyhydric alcohols or compounds which yield these derivatives on hydrolysis

Classification of carbohydrates

Monosaccharides: (also called simple sugar):are those which can not be hydrolyzed further into simpler forms. General formula- CnH2nOn

For example: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose. Mannose…

Disaccharides: are those sugars which yield two molecules of the same or different molecules of monosaccharides on hydrolysis. General formula-C_n(H₂O)_n or (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁).

For examples:-Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose,……

Oligosaccharides: are those which yield 3 to 6 monosaccharide units on hydrolysis

Polysaccharides:are those which yield more than six molecules of monosaccharides on hydrolysis.

For examples:Starch, dextrins,  Cellulose, Glycogen, and dextrins.

General formula:(C₆H₁₀O₅)

Physical Properties of Carbohydrates

 a white compounds, crystals-crystalline powder , odourless almost ,sweet to the tastes, freely soluble in water (and most them insoluble),sparingly insoluble in organic solvent